"Found Bad Disk" Recovery

Well when you got that "no volumes" error, I immediately concluded that if possible cloning the dead disk e.g. using dd_rescue on Linux, if possible was probably what should be tried. If you can't even do that, unless there's some way to fix the problem without repairing that drive it looks like any data recovery attempt would be quite expensive as you'd need a 3rd party data recovery service to attempt to repair the drive. Not sure if what you've subsequently tried would affect chances of data recovery.